PQQ is a redox cofactor that plays a significant role in mitochondrial function and cellular energy metabolism. It is a small quinone molecule found in various foods—notably fermented soybeans, spinach, green tea, and kiwi. However, the modern diet may not provide sufficient amounts of this essential nutrient, leading many to seek out PQQ supplements. PQQ has garnered attention not only for its role in energy production but also for its potential neuroprotective and antioxidant properties.
5. Potential Mental Health Benefits Growing research suggests a connection between gut health and mental well-being, often referred to as the gut-brain axis. Probiotics may play a role in improving mood and reducing anxiety.
Furthermore, the increasing focus on precision medicine and biologics, such as monoclonal antibodies and gene therapies, showcases a shift toward innovative treatment modalities. These APIs are often more complex than traditional small molecules, presenting challenges in manufacturing and regulatory approval processes.